Warning Signs of Kidney Stones in Dogs You Should Never Ignore

As a veterinary assistant with a focus on nutrition, I’ve encountered many dogs suffering from kidney stones, and trust me, it’s not something any pet parent wants to experience. Kidney stones, or nephroliths, are hard deposits of minerals and salts that form in your dog’s kidneys. These stones can vary in size and sometimes don’t show any symptoms at first, making it incredibly difficult for pet owners to recognize the issue early. However, understanding how to recognize signs of kidney stones in dogs can help you intervene early and seek appropriate treatment to prevent further complications. In this post, I’ll guide you through the symptoms, diagnosis, and what to do next if you suspect your dog is suffering from kidney stones.

What Are Kidney Stones in Dogs?

Kidney stones are more common than you might think, especially in older dogs, certain breeds, and dogs with underlying health issues like urinary tract infections or kidney disease. In simple terms, kidney stones are hardened deposits of minerals that form in the kidneys, and while they may not always cause symptoms, they can lead to serious health problems when left untreated.

Depending on their size and location, kidney stones can be uncomfortable, painful, and in some cases, dangerous. If you notice your dog having trouble urinating, behaving unusually, or showing signs of pain, it could very well be kidney stones. But don’t panic; let’s take a closer look at how you can spot these signs before they escalate into something more serious.

Common Symptoms of Kidney Stones in Dogs

Recognizing the signs of kidney stones early is key to getting your dog the right treatment before the situation worsens. Here are the most common symptoms that might suggest your dog is dealing with kidney stones:

Frequent Urination or Straining

If your dog suddenly starts urinating more frequently or seems to be straining to pee, kidney stones could be the culprit. These stones can obstruct the flow of urine or cause irritation in the urinary tract, leading to increased urgency to urinate. You might also notice your dog trying to urinate but only passing small amounts of urine or none at all.

Blood in the Urine

One of the more obvious signs of kidney stones is hematuria, or blood in the urine. This can happen when the stones irritate the walls of the urinary tract or kidneys. If you notice a pink or red tinge to your dog’s urine, it’s time to take them to the vet for a proper examination. Blood in the urine can be alarming, but it’s often a sign that something serious is going on.

Pain and Discomfort

Just like us, dogs experience pain, and kidney stones can be incredibly painful. If your dog seems to be in pain, especially when urinating or when touched around the abdominal area, kidney stones may be the cause. You might notice your dog whining, panting, or licking their private parts more than usual in an attempt to relieve the discomfort.

Change in Behavior

Kidney stones can affect your dog’s behavior, making them act differently than usual. If your dog suddenly becomes more lethargic, refuses to eat, or seems overly thirsty, these could be signs that something is wrong. Dogs with kidney stones may also have a fever or become more irritable due to the pain and discomfort they are experiencing.

Vomiting and Nausea

If your dog is throwing up or showing signs of nausea, it could indicate that their kidneys are being affected by the stones. Vomiting often accompanies kidney-related issues, as the body tries to flush out toxins. If this continues, or if your dog appears lethargic along with vomiting, it’s essential to see a veterinarian as soon as possible.

Risk Factors for Kidney Stones in Dogs

While kidney stones can happen to any dog, there are certain risk factors that may increase the likelihood of developing them. Some of these include:

• Breed: Certain dog breeds, including Miniature Schnauzers, Dalmatians, and Yorkshire Terriers, are more prone to kidney stones due to genetic factors.
• Age: Older dogs tend to develop kidney stones more often than younger dogs, as the kidneys weaken over time and become more susceptible to mineral buildup.
• Dehydration: Chronic dehydration can increase the concentration of minerals in the urine, leading to stone formation. It’s essential to keep your dog well-hydrated to reduce this risk.
• Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs): Dogs with recurring UTIs may be more prone to kidney stones, as the infections can alter the chemistry of the urine and promote stone formation.
• Diet: High-protein diets, especially those with high levels of certain minerals, can contribute to the development of kidney stones. Ensuring your dog’s diet is balanced and tailored to their specific needs is important in preventing kidney stones.

How Kidney Stones Are Diagnosed

If you suspect your dog might have kidney stones, it’s essential to get a professional diagnosis. A veterinarian will typically perform a physical exam and may recommend a series of tests to confirm the presence of kidney stones. Some common diagnostic tools include:

1. X-rays: X-rays are one of the most effective ways to detect kidney stones, as they can show the size and location of any deposits in the kidneys.
2. Ultrasound: An ultrasound can also be used to detect kidney stones and determine whether they are causing any damage to the kidneys.
3. Urine Tests: A urine test can reveal the presence of blood or crystals, both of which are signs of kidney stones. It can also provide valuable information about your dog’s kidney function.
4. Blood Tests: Blood work can help assess the health of your dog’s kidneys and detect any abnormalities that could indicate kidney problems.

Once diagnosed, your veterinarian will discuss the best course of action for treating the kidney stones and preventing future occurrences. Early detection is key to ensuring your dog’s kidneys stay as healthy as possible.

Treatment Options for Kidney Stones in Dogs

If your dog is diagnosed with kidney stones, the good news is there are several treatment options available depending on the severity of the condition. The right treatment will depend on the size, location, and type of stones, as well as how much damage has been done to your dog’s kidneys. Here’s a look at the most common treatment options your vet may recommend:

1. Diet Modifications

In some cases, dietary changes can help dissolve certain types of kidney stones, especially if the stones are made of a particular type of mineral like struvite or calcium oxalate. As a veterinary assistant with a focus on nutrition, I’ve seen firsthand how the right diet can make a world of difference for dogs with kidney stones. Your vet may recommend a prescription diet designed to lower the concentration of minerals that contribute to stone formation. These special diets help promote urinary health by balancing the levels of calcium, phosphorus, and other minerals in your dog’s system.

Additionally, keeping your dog on a well-balanced, low-ash diet can help prevent future stone formation. If your dog is prone to kidney stones, it’s essential to ensure that their diet is tailored to their specific health needs. It’s always worth having a conversation with your vet about the best food options for your dog, especially if you’ve had issues with kidney stones in the past.

2. Fluid Therapy

In cases where dehydration is an issue, your vet may recommend fluid therapy. Kidney stones can cause pain and even lead to kidney damage, and keeping your dog hydrated is crucial to flushing out the stones and promoting overall kidney health. If your dog is severely dehydrated, your vet may administer fluids intravenously to help rehydrate them and support kidney function. In less severe cases, they might suggest increasing your dog’s water intake or using special hydration products to help maintain proper fluid levels.

3. Surgery

While dietary changes and fluid therapy can be effective in many cases, surgery may be necessary if the kidney stones are large or causing significant obstruction or damage. If your dog is suffering from an obstruction that is preventing them from urinating or causing intense pain, surgery may be the most immediate option. The vet will remove the stones surgically, often through a procedure called cystotomy, where an incision is made in the bladder to access and remove the stones. In rare cases, kidney stones may need to be removed directly from the kidneys.

Surgery is typically reserved for more severe cases, as it’s a more invasive procedure and comes with a longer recovery time. But when it’s necessary, it can be life-saving and provide your dog with much-needed relief.

4. Lithotripsy

Lithotripsy is a less invasive option that involves using sound waves to break up kidney stones into smaller pieces that can be more easily passed through the urinary tract. This procedure is more common in human medicine, but some veterinary clinics may offer it for dogs. Lithotripsy is often considered when the stones are too large to pass naturally but don’t require surgery to remove.

Although lithotripsy is not as widely available as other treatment options, it may be an alternative to surgery in some cases. It’s less invasive and can reduce the need for longer recovery times, but it’s essential to consult your veterinarian to determine if this is the right choice for your dog’s specific situation.

Preventing Kidney Stones in Dogs

Now that you know how to recognize the signs of kidney stones and how they are treated, let’s talk about how to prevent them from happening in the first place. While some factors like genetics are beyond your control, there are a number of proactive steps you can take to reduce your dog’s risk of developing kidney stones:

1. Keep Your Dog Hydrated

One of the best ways to prevent kidney stones in dogs is to ensure they drink plenty of water. Proper hydration helps flush out the minerals that contribute to stone formation, so make sure your dog always has access to fresh, clean water. If you’re dealing with a picky drinker, try adding ice cubes to their water bowl or using a pet water fountain to make it more enticing. You can also add some wet food to their diet to boost hydration levels.

2. Regular Vet Check-ups

Regular veterinary check-ups are crucial for detecting kidney stones early on. If your dog is at higher risk for kidney stones due to their breed, age, or other factors, your vet may recommend more frequent check-ups and tests, such as urine analysis and blood work. Catching kidney stones early means they can be treated before they cause more significant damage.

Additionally, if your dog has had kidney stones before, regular monitoring can help prevent recurrence. Your vet may also recommend specific tests to evaluate kidney function and ensure your dog’s kidneys remain healthy.

3. Diet and Nutrition

As mentioned earlier, diet plays a significant role in preventing kidney stones. Work with your veterinarian to ensure your dog’s food is balanced and appropriate for their health needs. If your dog is prone to urinary issues or kidney stones, there are prescription diets available that are formulated to support kidney health and reduce the formation of stones.

Also, avoid feeding your dog an excessive amount of high-oxalate foods or those that contribute to stone formation. A balanced, age-appropriate diet can go a long way in maintaining your dog’s kidney health and preventing stones from developing.

4. Monitor Your Dog’s Weight

Obesity is another risk factor for kidney stones in dogs, as it can lead to changes in the urinary system and increase the chances of developing stones. By keeping your dog at a healthy weight through regular exercise and a balanced diet, you can help reduce their risk of kidney stones. Plus, regular exercise has many other health benefits, including improved circulation, muscle tone, and overall well-being.

When to See a Veterinarian

If you notice any of the symptoms we’ve discussed—such as frequent urination, blood in the urine, changes in behavior, or pain—it’s important to schedule a visit to the veterinarian as soon as possible. Even if you’re not sure whether kidney stones are the cause, it’s always better to err on the side of caution and have your dog checked out.

Your vet will be able to perform the necessary tests to confirm or rule out kidney stones and provide guidance on the best course of treatment. Don’t wait until the symptoms become severe; early intervention is key to preventing serious kidney damage and improving your dog’s chances of a full recovery.

Long-Term Management of Kidney Stones in Dogs

When it comes to kidney stones in dogs, the treatment doesn’t stop once the stones are removed or the symptoms are managed. Long-term management is crucial to ensure your dog doesn’t experience another episode or further kidney damage. As someone who’s worked closely with dogs dealing with kidney-related issues, I can tell you that kidney stones often require lifelong monitoring and care.

1. Ongoing Diet and Nutrition Adjustments

Even after your dog has received treatment for kidney stones, it’s essential to continue providing a diet that supports kidney health. As mentioned earlier, a special prescription diet can help prevent stone formation by regulating the amount of minerals in your dog’s urine. Your veterinarian may recommend switching to a long-term, kidney-friendly diet to reduce the risk of future kidney stones.

In my experience, pet owners often overlook the importance of sticking to a prescribed diet after the initial treatment phase. However, adhering to your vet’s dietary recommendations is crucial for reducing mineral buildup and promoting optimal kidney function. This may include limiting high-oxalate foods, ensuring proper hydration, and avoiding certain protein levels that can stress the kidneys.

2. Regular Veterinary Checkups and Tests

Kidney stones can recur, so regular check-ups are essential for dogs with a history of kidney problems. Even if your dog seems fine post-treatment, a routine visit to the vet ensures that any early signs of stone formation are detected before they become a bigger issue. Regular urine tests, blood work, and imaging exams like X-rays or ultrasounds are typically recommended for high-risk dogs.

From my experience, some pet owners can be hesitant about routine checkups, especially if their dog appears healthy. However, staying proactive with regular visits can save you from future heartache and expensive emergency treatments.

3. Hydration and Lifestyle Adjustments

Hydration, as we’ve already discussed, plays a vital role in preventing kidney stones. Keeping your dog well-hydrated can prevent the concentration of minerals in their urine. Some dogs may require additional encouragement to drink enough water, so consider adding wet food to their diet, using a pet water fountain, or flavoring their water with a small amount of low-sodium broth to make it more appealing.

Additionally, regular exercise is important to keep your dog at a healthy weight, which can also help in preventing kidney stones. Although it’s easy to overlook exercise when your dog seems fine, regular walks and playtime are essential for maintaining overall health. A healthy dog is less likely to develop complications like obesity, which can stress the kidneys and increase the likelihood of kidney stones.

When to Seek Emergency Care

Kidney stones can sometimes lead to sudden, severe complications that require emergency veterinary care. If your dog exhibits any of the following signs, don’t wait for a regular appointment—get them to an emergency vet immediately:

• Complete inability to urinate: If your dog cannot urinate at all or struggles to pass urine, this could indicate a urinary blockage, which is a medical emergency.
• Severe pain: If your dog is showing signs of intense pain, such as whining, pacing, or panting excessively, it could be due to kidney stones causing distress in the urinary tract.
• Loss of appetite and lethargy: A sudden loss of appetite and excessive lethargy can indicate a serious problem, especially if it’s combined with other symptoms like vomiting or blood in the urine.
• Vomiting and dehydration: Vomiting accompanied by signs of dehydration is often an emergency, especially if your dog’s kidney function is compromised.

Even if you’re unsure whether your dog’s condition is urgent, it’s always better to err on the side of caution. Kidney stones can lead to infections, kidney damage, and even life-threatening situations if left untreated for too long.

References

For further reading and support on kidney stones in dogs, check out these reputable sources:

• PetMD – Provides expert advice on a variety of dog health topics, including kidney stones.
• American Kennel Club – A trusted resource for all things dog-related, including breed-specific health concerns.
• National Institutes of Health – Offers a wealth of medical research and information on kidney health in pets.

Disclaimer

While I’m sharing my experience as a veterinary assistant with a nutrition focus, this information is for educational purposes only. It’s important to consult a veterinarian for a proper diagnosis and treatment plan if you suspect your dog has kidney stones. Every dog is different, and a qualified veterinarian can provide tailored care that best suits your dog’s specific needs.